Tblautografhy



.2, '1930.' H. aanTHoLom-:w'er Al. Re. 17,793 I uLAUToGRAPHY A original Filed .my 3. 1 922 v sheets-sheet 1 Sept. 2, 1930.

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'TELAUTGQRAPHY nrigiun Filed July s. 1922` 'u/zgr.

Toa/E Amais N Reiued sept. z, 1930 UNITED STATES y Re. 17,793

PATENT oFFicE maar GUY .Ean'rrronomnm' or LONDON, ENGLAND, AND nAYNAnn LESLIE Dmls MQFABLANE, or NEW Yonx, N. Y.

TELAUTOGRAIHY i Original No. 1,853,425, `dated December 20, 1827, Serial No. 572,664, led July 3, 1922, and in Great Britain September 19, 1921.

is meant the utilization of personal judgment in translating tone values into conventional indications by visual analysis of the several small areas of which the original is composed and representing the tones series or combinations ofdots, perforations or other signs.

An object broadly isv to form ywithout the intervention of personal judgment, an intermediate record in the form of a marked tape or band adapted to be employed to control the operation of an automatic telegraphic transmitting machine and to be reproduced by an automatic telegi'aphic receiving machine.

Preferably, the marked tape is of a character adapted to be produced by or employed in the automatic control of standard telegraphic machines, and ordinarily the tape or band Willbe marked by punching or perforating means electrically selected and controlled by a representation of the image to be transmitted.

This representation may be formed in any suitable manner, such as by a photographic representation on a plate of conducting material, by a record formed in plastic material, by i'eliective areas formed on an otherwise nonreflective surface or other suitable means.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved`method of securing the desired gradation, which method may be applicable to other processes of phototelegraphy than that described in the foregoing as well as to other purposes.

This 'phasel of the inventionI comprises forming a plurality of representations from the original, diiering one from the other in that'they each correspond to given fractions of the tones or ranges of tone in the original.

Thus one representation may com rise only the deepest tones or full shadows o the original, a second may include only the nextl lighter tones or both these tones and the iull by letters or of the present invention stated` Application for reissue flled June 4, 1929. Serial No. 868,304.

shadows, a third including still lighter tones, and so on. A

Four or live of such representations will usually be found sufficient, and by their aid a composite reproduction on a single surface 5 1s made at the receiving station inf order to provide a final result which shall agree suf liciently for most practical purposes with the Vgraclation in the original. f.

When employing these representations for the purposes of phototelegraphy they may be transmitted in succession. so that a resignals and is perhaps of use. in other fields" than phototelegraphy and it is not the intention 'at present to limit the scope of the -protection to any particular field.

Instead of transmitting a. pluralityV of partial tone representations which must be superimposed to reproduce the original icture, the 'intermediate record (prefere ly a punched tape) 'may be in effect a composite record of the several partial tone representaL tions of the picture. This composite intermediate record may then be telegraphically transmitted lto (i. e. reproduced at) the receivin station and from the transmitted interme `ate record a reproduction of the original picture may be made directly., f

A still further feature of the invention is v based upon the observation that it is unnecessary to advance the light sensitive surface in a stepwise manner in relation to a source of light adapted to operate upon successive Y i areas of the said surface to produce a pictorial representation from an intermediate record. According to this 'feature o f theA intermediate record on which in equal lengths V02E travel the tone values of equal areas are tone representations of a single picture in formlng an lntermediate record as described yto in Example 1. Y

Figure '3 is an elevation partly in section of a perforator adapted to form an intermediate record in the form of a punched tape when its operation is, for instance, controlled by the device illustrated by the preceding iguies and in the manner described in Exam e igure 4 is a view in elevation partly in section in a vertical plane at right angles to the lane of Figure 3, illustrating a portion of t is device.

Figure 5.is a detail thereof.

Figure is a view of another detail, and

Figure 7 is a diagram illustratingthe elect-rical connections of the apparatus.

Figure 8 illustrates a device which may be employed to reproduce the picture from a punched tape (mtermediate record) of the ype produced by the perforatorshown in i ures3 to 7 inclusive.

i-gure 9 illustrates diagrammatically t-he machine known as the 6A machine perforator of the Western Electric Company with an accessory device known as the relay lbox associated therewith. This machine, to which no claim is made herein, is adapted to form a punched tape of the` 5 unit code type and may be controlled in accordance with the in-- vention to produce an intermediate record, for instance as described in Examples II and III.

vFigure 10 is a view in elevation of an apparatus which may be used to reproduce the picture from a punched tape (intermediate record) of the type produced bythe perforator shown in Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a front elevation and Figure 12 is a side elevation of an apparatus adapted for useV in forming an intermediate record` from a half-tone or like screen representation of the original.y t

Fi ure 13 is an illustration of the tape punc ed by the perforator shown in Figures 3 to 7 inclusive.

Figure 14.- isa schematicy diagram of the Western 'Electric 65 perforator connected lfor control by a plurality of partial tone representations of the picture to be transmitted.

Figure 15 is an illustration` of the tape' punchedby the perforator shown in Figures 9 and 14.

All of the figures of thedrawings are more or less diagrammatic.

E'ample I In this example a plurality of representations (our will be referredto although more may be used) formed from the original, each representation corresponding with a particular range of tones, is employed and an intermediate record is formed on a transmitting tape.

is exposed where the acid is to act; and Where.

no acid action is to take place, the metal plate is covered with a protective coating. Similarly, each of the representations 1, la, 1b, and

lc has a coating (on the metal) over the area lwhere a particular range of tones is present in the picture. Print lvmay be made by exposing the sensitized zinc plate to a negative of the picture `for so short a time that only the full tones of the picture are produced.

Print lamaybe exposed for a-somewhat longer `timeso that it will contain the full tones and the stronger partial tones of the original; 1. e. print l is a silhouette that takes in such portions of the original-as have either the full tone or a strong partial tone. Print lb may be exposed for a still longer time so that it will contain (in silhouette form) all tones except the weaker partial to-nes. Print -1c may be exposed for a still longer time so this will contain (in silhouette form) the fulltones and allot the partial tones.

The developed `and dried prints may be baked and they are mounted in correlated relationship on a mandrel 2 secured to a spindle 3, the portion of which extending beyond one end of the mandrel is provided with a lead screw 4 operating in a fixed nut 5 in order to cause the mandrel to travel in an axial direction, the other end ofthe spindle being mounted in a suitable bearing 6.

. In this case the intermediate record is to be formed by perforating a paper tape. The spindle 3 is operatively connected with feeding mechanism for the tape, so that asthe spindle rotates, the .tape is advanced step by step as the mandrel makes increment after increment ofrotation, which rotationneed not be step by step. The connection may be mechanical but in the construction illustrated it is electrical, a commutatorin the form of a toothed wheel 7 being mounted` The four representations, l, 12.11, and 1- on the spindle, brush 8 contacting with the same and making`- a continuous electrical connection with a source of current and a second brush 9 operating onthe points of the teeth onlyand making an electric connection periodically in order to initiate the step byste p movement of the tape. The four each time the slider descends.

f 13, side guides 14, top plate representations are caused to travel relatively to four styles or reader members 10, 10, 10h, l0 resiliently mounted and adapted to make an electrical connection through the metal plate on which the representations are formed with the devices adapted to form on the record-receiving material the marks indicating the combined tone values of the representations.

The perforator, the employment of which in forming the intermediate record Will be described, resembles generally a known dei vice, the Gell perforator, from which, however, it diifers in that it does 'not necessarily comprise means for converting letters and numerals into lcombinations of punched holes and in that it does not, when used for phototelcgraphy ordinarily vary the feed of the tape accordingr to the number or arrangement of marking holes formed therein.

Vith regard to this portion of the device We may say that we have employed the construction described mainly because the sev-f eral parts thereotI Were available to us and were readily adapted for the purpose in view. l

The device (see Figures 3 to 7) comprises a casing 11 enclosing a portion of the mechanism, thek top of the casing serving as a platform or support for numerous elements including three banks of punches 12, 12 and 12b.. Each bank contains four punches. The punches of bank 12 are carriedby the slider 22 and all of these punches 12 are operated The punches of banks l2 and 12b are adapted to be selectively locked to slider 22 (in response to electrical connections made by styles 10, 10, 10", and 10) and when the slider 22 descends such of the punches in banks 12 and 12b as have been selected will be operated. Bank 12 punches a longitudinal row of feed holes in the tape. Bank 12 punches longitudi-l nally disposed groups of holes which 'indicate the tone values read by styles 10, 10, 10" and 10. Bank 12') punches a third longitudinally disposed row of holes which is merely necessary to enable the tape to be. elnployed in the operation of a `VVheatstone transmitter, and to enable a corresponding tape to be produced at the receiving station by a` Creed or other suitable reperforator. 'lhe punches are provided with a punch base 15 and bottom guide plate 16, a distance piece 17 introduced between the bottom guide plate and the cutting die 18; a check stop plate 19 is provided to limit the upward travel of the punches by limitation of the upward motion of the slider'22 secured bytrunnions 23 to the pitmen 24 which are drawn down under l two perforating solenoids 25 operating together as a unit and arranged in a manner similar to tape advancing solenoids 38 (Figs. 3 and 7) which will be described later, As indicated by the section lining of yoke 32 in Figure `3, this portion of the view' is a section taken between the two solenoids 25.

Each marking punch is provided with a slot 35 and is free in the slider except when engaged by the associatedinterlocking bar 36 and will only .be moved as the result of the motion of the slider when so engaged.

lhe interlocking bars, of which it has been," found convenient to utilize eight when the pictoral representation is divided into four components, are operated by four 'electromagnets 37, 37, 37b, 37, two bars by each electromagnet which is energized lby the assage of current through the metal on w ich the representation is formed and-the assoelated style and conductors. Thus, when in `j all four components of the representation-` bare .metal contacts `with the four styles, all a four electromagnets will be'ffenergized and' all of the eight punches will be locked to the] slider and will move dOWn With it undertllev action of the perforating solenoids.

'lhe feeding solenoid 38 -operatesupon a core 39 which is conneetedthrough the bellcrank leverp40 and the pin41ax1'd connecting arm 42 with the oscillatmo' arm'desi ated as a Whole by numeral 43. 's viewed 1n Figure 3, this oscillating arm 43,is located behind lever 26; and it comprises two laterallyk spaced bar-like portions43` and43b. Ex-jg4 tendin between the spacedbar-like Ort/ions?.

are swinging links 43 and 43, to w ich the oscillating arm is pivoted. ,Theoscillatin arm operates the active radial arm 44 W1 which'is associated the active4 click 45 and active click spring 46 and inthe motion of the oscillating arm to the left under the action of the solenoid the active click moves idly over the ratchet wheel 47 mounted on the main feed shaft 48 on which also is mounted the tape feed sprocket (not shown) provided with teeth engaging the holes formed in the tape by the central bank of punches. Return motion of the oscillating arm to the right l 80 provided. As shown in Figure 7, there are feeds the tape forward, aicheck ratchet Wheel .19 associated With a check ratchet 50 operating to prevent ov'errunning cillating arm moves to the left pin 43e with` vdraws ratchet 50 from engagement With Wheel 19, and when the arm 43 moves to the y right pin lf restores `the ratchet 50 upon vcompletion ot the feed of thetape. The control of ratchet 50 will be more fully described later. The movement of the oscillating arm to the left is effected by the action of the feeding solenoid and is limited to secure a constant throw or feed of the tape, the spring 40 retracting the oscillating arm to the right and moving the feed Wheel as permitted by the spring controlled paWl 50a.

-The commutator 7 desc-ribed operates to intermittently energize a solenoid 5l the core of which is connected to the yoke52 which .is drawn up in opposition to the spring 53 and operates through the rod 54 and insulating roller 55 the key 56 to cause thecontacts 57, 57 thereon to make contact in succession with ing the perforating punches. The key is connected by iiexible connections 59 with 'thev block 60 Which, as illustrated in Figure 7, is in electrical connection with the set of termi-Y nals 61. 'One end of the lever 62 pivoted at 68 bears on'the roller associated*` with the key, the other end bearing through the roller 64 on the head of the rod 65. On motion of A the lever about its pivot under lthe action of the solenoid associated therewith, the rod Will be moved in a vertical direction'and when moved downwards it Will cause the member 66 to move about the pivot 67 in opposi tion to the springs 68, thus releasing the check ratchet 50 (see Fig. 'Whenon th'e other hand the member in question is ratchet in position on completion of the travel of the oscillating bar to the right.

The perforating solenoid operates the marking punches which have been selected by the operation of the electromagnets connected to the styles. is effected by the inward motion of the hammers 69 bearing upon the levers 70 connected by rods 71 to the levers 72. These levers in turn are connected through rods 7 3 and levers 74 with the selector bars 36 operating in association with the opposite marking punches.

The operation of the hammers and thus the selection of the punches results from the completion of the electric circuits in which are arranged their 'associated electromagnets in the manner above described.

As indicated in Fig. 7, contact is first made The selection of the punches (Fig. 3) to move to the leeft in an idle move- I ment and stay to the left until contact at 58 is broken. Following contact at 58, contact is made at58i and thiscausesthe operation of the punches. Then contact at' 58l is broken,

thus Adeenerg'izing punching solenoids 25 and ated at each punching operation. The bank of punches 12 (Fig. 5) punches a row of marking or tone holes T. The bank of punches l2b punch a row of holes S known as spacing holes. The spacing holes are duplicates of the tone holes and `only row T need beconsidered, because as previously stated row S is merely for the purpose of enabling the tape to be used in a Wheatstone transmitter or the like. At each punching operation, a number of holes is punched in row T equal to the numbery of the tone value present, at that reading of the picture representations 1, la, 1b, and 1, the tones being considered as no tone, tone number one, tone number two, tone number three, and tone number four. In Fig. 13', the tone value (or toneV numberlat reading A Was four and there are four holesin row T. The tone at reading B was three and there are three holes in row T, etc.

The transmitting tape produced in this manner is then employed for controlling a transmitter at one end of a telegraph or-telephone circuit thereby operating a'receiving mechanism order to reproduce the reprey sentation. retractedby the springs it will lock the check y The transmitting tape may, for instance, be used in controlling a transmitter and operating a reperforator of the Creed or other suitable type at the receiving station in order to produce a corresponding tape, such tape being then used in `forming a visual representationy of the original, as for instance by moving a light sensitive surface in a continuous manner in relation to means whereby successive small areas of the same may be `exposed to the action of light, the exposure of said areas being varied in respect of duration or intensity of light action, by means of the tape. This may be effected by the employment of apparatus of the character indicated in the specification of British Letters Patent'No.v166,917 of 1920.

Alternatively, the tape may be employed in controlling 'an apparatus in which the tape and light sensitive surface are moved continuously.

.The apparatus may for instance comprise' (see Figure 8 a cylindrical mandrel 75 about which the lig t sensitive surface is Wrapped, the mandrel being arranged under a cover 76 vin .relation to a projector 77 ada ted to project a spot oi light .onto the lig t sensitive surfaceI in such .manner that the spot of light will trace a helical path on the said surface,

and means 78 adapted to cause the tape 79A to travel at a. speed bearing :inappropriate relation with the speed of travel of the light sensitive surface inrelation to the means adapted to illuminate the same, and control the exposure thereof. i

The tape, to th's end, iscaused to travel between guides 80 vover an aperture, 81 in the yplatform 82, being pressed against the same y the block 83 which is also perforated to y permita beam of light from the lamp 84 passing through the lens system 85 to fall upon the tape -in such manner that the marking holes in the tape, of 'which only one row need be employed for this purpose, will permit the light to pass through the projector on to the light sensitive surface while thev portion of the ta e intervening` between adjacent holes will intercept the light.

Presuming that a result comparablewith that obtained by a line screen is to be produced and the circumference of the light sensitive sul'rface supported on the mandrel` is four inches, the tape shouldvbe moved at such a speed that approximately one section will control the exposure of 1/ 50th of a linear inch of the circumference. In other words the mandrel will make 1/200th'or preferably 2/401sts ofa turn, while one section of the tape is passin ,the speed of travel of the tape re atively to t e speed of rotation of the mandrel in making the record bein similarly regulated to secure an advance o the latter of 1/200th but preferably 2/401sts of a turn for each section of ta In other words, ige the representations 1, 1, 1", and 1 (from which the tape is made) make 1/200th of a turn for each zone A, B,

C, etc. ofthe tape (Fig. 13) the reproducing mandrel 75 (Fig. s) mustaso make l/aooth of a. turn for each zone AB, C, etc. of the duplicate tape produced at the receiving' end of a telegraph "line. Preferably, however,

- the represent-ations 1, 1*,1", 1 lare made to turn 2/401sts of a'turn for each zne'A, B, C, etc. of the tape, and in such case the repro-l ducin g mandrel must also make 2/401sts of a turn for each zone A, B, C,etc., of the tape..

thereby so selected that their centers are arranged in the pattern of the intersecting points of the lines of a piece of coordinate paper. This has the disadvantage that the coordinate arrangement is apparent to the eye when the picture is viewed. On the other hand where the mandrel makes 2/401sts of a turn for each zone of the tape, the elemental areas ot' adjacent rows of scanning are staggered, and the geometrical arrangement of elemental areas is not so apparent to the eye.

That this staggered arrangement is produced, will be apparent if we consider a case where the first reading of the first turn is taken at a distance of 2/401sts of'a turn from the edge of the picture. Then successive readings will be taken at distances of 4/401Sts, 6/401Sts, sucias, 10/401Sts, etc., from the edge of the picture. The 200th reading will then beat 400/401sts of a turn from the initial edge of the picture and the 201st reading will be at 402/401sts of a turn which is equal to 1/40lsts of a turn in the second turn. Hence the readings of the second t-urn will be at 1/40lsts, 3/401sts, 5/40lsts, 7 /40lsts, 9/401sts, etc., of a turn in the second turn which places the elemental areas midway between those read in the first turn. The picture is, of course, reproduced in like manner and hence the reproduced picture has the elemental areas of each turn staggered with respect to the elemental areas of the turns on either side of it.

v Example II j In accordance'with this mode of carrying the invention into eiect a tape, each unit that no claim is ymade to this constructionex cept in vso far as it may be' modified for usel in the process of telautography or 'photoltelegraphy according to the invention. In this example, reference will be had primarily to Figure-14, though the machine perforator is the same both in Figure 14. and Figure 9.

The perforator comprises six punches,'of which one 86 is seen in the figure,farranged at right angles to the direction of travel of the tape 87, one punch, not shown, being longer than the others and being operated upon by the hammer 88 at each stroke to form feed holes, and such of the other punches as have in making the au y been selected being Simultaneously operated by the same hammer to form marking or tone holes. i v

The styles read a plurality of partial tone representations similarto those described in connection with Figure 1. Five representa-v picture representation contacts 'with 'its style. Whenever any portion of the picture representing coating is under the style, the style is insulated from the zinc -plate and hence no current can flow to select a punch. These punch selecting magnets are all arfranged alike and hence only one is shown (which is for representation 1b).

When bare metal of 1b contacts with its s style, selecting magnet 90 is energized, thus interposing selector bar 91 between hammer 88 and punch 86. As explained in the preceding example, a commutator 7 operates to periodically cause the operation of the selected punches. This commutator periodically energizes relay 94 which is locked up by a circuit through its bottom contact and the upper contact of key 127. The operation of relay 94, energizespunching magnets 93, thereby attracting armature 95, and causing hammer 88 Y to drive i the selected picture punches (and the feed punch previously referred to) through the tape.` As the hammer completes its stroke, key 127 is operated, and breaks the lock-up circuit of relay 94. Thus punch magnets 93are deenergized and the ammer returns to its non-operated position. On the return stroke pawl 99 rotates feed wheel 98 to advance the tape preparatory to the next punching operation.

In this example, the picture representations are operated on by the styles along successive lines ,of scanning, j ust as in Example I. Reading of the successive elemental areas along the lines of scanning are taken just as `in Example I, but instead of being recorded on the tape by longitudinally disposed rows of tone holes, they are recorded by transversely extending rows of tone holes punched in the five unit code. It is obvious that the element-al areas in one line of scanning may be so selected (as explained in Example I) that they will lie intermediate the elemental areas in the adjacent lines of scanning, and thereby improve the appearance of the re-` produced picture as previously explained.

' The tape formedin this way may operate a transmitting device, anda device at the receivingend may form a'. similar tape which is then employed in controlling a device M adapted to forma visual reproduction of the original. This device ma generally resemble the device employed orthe like lof tones required to be represented.

purpose according to Example I, being, however, provided with a plurality of illuminating devices 100, 100, lOOb, 100c and 100d (see Figure 10) the light from each of whichis directed by means of the lens system 101, 1013, 101", 101cv, 1011, and is controlled by a .marking hole arranged at a particular .disf

tance from the edge of the tape and the rays centrated or directed to form a single spot of light on the light sensitive surface.

permitted to pass by all ofthe holes are con- This spot will be formed by raysof light n adapted to cause the mandrelto travel axially as well as radially, the spindle operating through suitable gearing 107, the tape feed sprocket 108 causing the same to travel over the platform or diaphragm 109 in which a slot is formed with which the holes in the tape will register and permit light to passV through to the projecting lenses mounted in the tube 110 and on to thelight sensitive surface which is mounted in the light-tight cover .111.

Esempi@ .UI

According to this example, a half tone or line screen reproduction 112 formed of conductive material is mounted on a mandrel 113 secured to a spindle 114, one end of which is formed as a leadscrew 115 and operates on a nut 116, formed on the standard 117, is operated upon by a single style or readermember 118 (see Figures 11 and 12) the reproduction being moved relativel to the style through the intermediary of t e means referred to.

The surface of this reproduction is p of course composed of upstandin dots of various .sizes according to thev epth of tone represented,

The style or readerv memberis connected to a brush 119 which moves over a commutat0r'120 comprising as many contact pieces 121, 121, 121, 121, 121" as the total numbe If five punchesare employed for forming the holes corresponding with the deepest tone there will be five contact pieces on the oo mmutator, each of which with one intervenin A nonconducting portion will be of such len as to occupy 60 of the face of the commutator or some other fraction vdepending on the method used in the production 4of the half toneoriginal and on the ratio-of the.

f half tone dot.

of the dots to the tones in the original picture (this ratio being in the nature of n X a When b is the size of the lz'irgest dot, and a of the smallest dot, and n. is a constant to be determined by the nature of the half tone.

Five successive sectors each contain a conducting segment (which is insulated from the other segment-s) and the sixth sector is blank. The brush makes one complete revolution While the styleis passing over one elemental area of the. half tone, viz., the distance between tWo Consecutive screen lines of the half tone. While the brush is in contact with any one segment, a circuit is made through that segment to select a. corresponding punch of the perforator provided the style 118 is then contacting with the halt tone dot. If the size or shape of the dot be such that there is no style contact for that particular segment, no selection of a punch will be made for that segment. Thus as the style V118 passes over one elemental area of the half tone, it (in efect) takes five readings, one at each of tive points in that elemental area., viz., one reading at each commutator seg ment. 'If the style contacts with the half tone dot at a reading, al corresponding punch is selected: If the style does not contact with the half tone, no punch is selected for that reading. Y After all five readings have been made on an elemental area of the half tone. the selected punches are operated While the brush is on the sixth sector, which is blank.

Suitable punches and selecting mechanism are employed, and these may conveniently be of the type used in the )Vestern Electric 6A perforator. The connections in such case are shown in Fig. 9. Thestyle 118 is connected to energize relay 118 at such times as it is in contact with a half tone dot. Thus as brush 119 makes contact with five suecessive commutator segments 123, 123, 123, 123cand 123 it makes them positive provided the style 118 vis in contact with th-e Whenever the style is out of contact with the dot While the brush is passing over a segment,that segment is not energized.

Each of the five segments is connected through a lock up relay to a selecting magnet. These circuits from the segments 12:3, 123, 123, 123c,`and 123 are all alike and hence onlv one Will be described in detail.

Consider that the style is in Contact with the half tone dotwhen the brush 119 is on segment 123. Then a circuit is completed from this segment (which is positive) through conductor 124, relay 125 and switching'key 127l to negative, thus operating re lay'125. Relay 125 locks up through its left hand contact; and through its right hand contact it energizes selector magnet 90. This places the end of selector bar 91' bet-Ween punch 86 and hammer 88 so that operation of the hammer will actuate the punch 8G which has been selected.

There are six punches' in a roW extending 'transversely to tape 87 and since they are all similar, only one is shown. Five of the punches are individually under the control otmdlvidual selector bars and magnets, all

of which are similar to magnet 90. The cir-- cuits to the magnets not shown are through eoiuluctors 89, 89, 89, and 89. The sixth punch 1s longer than the. rest and is operated at every stroke of the hammer to punch aA feed hole in the tape.

Segments 123", 122-3, 123, and 123 are connected through conductors 124", 124, 124c and 124, respectively to relays 125", 125,- 125 and 125, respectively. Accordingly, as brush 119 sweeps over its five segments, punches will be selected in accordance with the readings of the style 118 on the particular halt' tone dot. vWhen the brush 119 passes to its blank sector, brush 119 completes a circuit through conductor 119 to relay 94. Thus relay 94 is operated and it is locked up by a circuit from negative through its lower contact'and a lock up Winding to switching key 97 and positive. Through conductor 93, relay 94 causes the energization of punch magnets 93 which are connected to positive through conductor 93. Accordingly, the hammer 88 is rotated on shaft 96 and the selected picture punches (and the feed hole punch) zare driven through the tape.

Switching key 12T is mechanically associated With the hammer, to be operated as the armature 95 approaches the punch magnets 93. The upper contact of the key 127 breaks the lock-up circuit of relab7 94 to permit the deenergization of punch magnets 93 rand thereturn of the hammer to its non-operated position. The lower contact of key 127 makes the circuit to relay 126, and the center contact oi key 12T breaks the lock-up circuits of relays 125, 125, 1.25, 125, and 125,

Relay 126 is made slow operating in any suitable manner as by retardation coil 126, so that the circuit atits front contact is not made until after the lock-up relays 125, 125, l25, 125c and 125 have released and through their right hand` contacts broken the circuits to thc selector magnets` e. g. selector magnet 9U. Then contact is made by the l'ront contact of relay 121i to place negative on the winds of' relays 1252125` 125. 125" and 1251 thus placing these relays in condition to record the readingsV of the style .118 on the next elemental area of the half tone. v

As key 127 is returned to the position shown in the drawing connection to negative is restored through the centercontact ot the key and relay-126` returns to its non-operated position. f

Tape 10u/ached in Eamples I I and [Il The tape punched by Athe apparatus of Figs. S) and 14 is illustrated in Fig. 15. For the sake of clarity, the successive transverse lines of punching are shown farther apart than they ordinarily would be in actual practice. The punchings for eight successive elemental areas of the picture are .shown in tape zones M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T. Each tape Zone has a feed hole, and a number of picture holes which represents the tone number or tone value ofthe elemental picture area tone tone tone tone represented. The tones are: zone M, five, zone N; tone ,ourh zoneO, three; zone P, tone two, Zone Q, one; zone R, tone three, zone S, three, zone T, no tone.

Definition, of terms be marked in such manner that any one tape zone may Vcorrespond to a particular elemental area of the picture and be marked4 with the tone value of that elemental area.

For convenience, a tape zone which corresponds to an elemental area of the picture ycc A picture zone to another, either with or with-` is called a picture zone, and the markings which depict the tone values are called tone markings. A tone marking may be a cut out area (e. g` the total area of one or more perforations) and as such it is called a cut out tone area. Specifically, tone markings in the form of pertorations are called tone perforations or tone holes,

Referring to Figs. 13 and 15, it is seen that the picture zones of the tape (designated by capital letters) follow one one anotherv as the tape is traversed in a longitudinal direction. Accordingly, the picture zones may be said to be arranged longitudinally loft the tape, by which is meant that as we travel longitudinally of the tape we pass from one out passing through tape .zones which are not picture zones. The ex ression zones arranged longitudinally of t e tape has no' reference to the dimensions of the zone, i. e.

varying tone values no reference to the dimension of the zone longitudinally of the tape and the dimension transversely of the tape. A

In Fig. 15, each picture zone is adapted to receive a set of tone perforations (maximum number of perforations, in a set is five, e. g. Zone M) arranged in a row transversely of the tape. The actual number of perforations in any one picture 'zone depends'upon the tone value ofthe elemental picture area represented by that zone. In general, however, the tape is characterized by a series of picture zones, each of which has a 'transversely extending row of tone perforations. For convenience, therefore, the tape will be referred to as having rows of tone perforations, although in some instances a picture Zone may have only one tone perforation (e. g. zone Q) or even no tone perforation (e. g. zone T). Expressions such as set of tone pei'forations,are used in an analogous sense (i. e. analogous to row of tone perforations), but are broader .expressions which include cases where the tone perforations for a single elemental area of the picture are not arranged in a row. In other words,

a set7 of tone perforations is one or more tone perforations which taken collectively depict the tone value of an elemental area, with no limitation as to the relative position of the perforations which go to make up the set. u

The invention may he used for transmitting black and white pictures, e. g. ink drawf ings, silhouettes, manuscripts, etc. Its` greatest usefulness, however, is probably in the analysis and transmission of pictures such as photographs of objects, persons, scenes, etc. The problem of transmitting such picture is much greater than the transmission of black,

and white pictures because of the constantly possessed by the icture. Such pictures have actual tone gra ations as opposed to black and white pictures which have no actual tone gradations. In the black and white picture,any one point is either black or it is white; there are no actual tone gradations.. Black and white pictures ma have tone gradations (i. e. in appearancel produced by closely arranged black areas of small size, e. g. shading in a pen and ink drawing and the well known half tone prints familiar in newspapers. Such pictures are said to have apparent tone gradations, or

an elemental area of such a picture may be said to have an apparent tone value that lies between black and White, but obviously any one point on the picture is either black or' white,'but not an intermediate tone.

The picture may be scanned in many ways and by many types of apparatus. Accordingly, reference broadly to .scanning the icture 1s not to be construed to be limite any particular method or means of scanning the picture, but includes operating upon the different range mean picturey itself or any suitable re resentation of the picture such as (inter aliag a positive, negative, transparency, half tone plate, gum bichromate print, relief representation, ora plurality of any such representations. Where a plurality of representations vof the picture are used, one representation will ordinarily include only such portions of the picture as have a certain range of tones, another representation include only such portions as have different range of tones and so on. Expres-l sions such as range of tones or tones of a that the limits of the tone rangesbeing compared are different,

Lil

tion has tones one, two and three;

Without regard to Whether the tone ran es do or do not overlap. For example, if ve representations-of the picture have the tones so grouped that the first representation has tone number one; the second representation has tones one and two; the third representathe fourth representation has tones one, two, three and four; 'and the ifth representation has all five area, the determination being made evident or effective by the energization of the circuits of one or more styles. Accordingly, such references as determining tone gradations, or determining tone values, mean that the tone value is made effective in some manner characteristic of the particular tone value. Whether or not an operator has the tone value impressed on his mind is immaterial.

v The scanning is carried on line after line until the entire `picture has. been scanned. picture may include more than it is desired to transmit, e. g. it may be desired to transmit only one building out of a picture of a grou of buildings. In such case, the one buil ing becomes the v entire picture as far as transmission is concerned. Accordingly, such reference as scanning the entire picture means scanning all that it is desired to transmit.

It is to be understood that the various speciiic embodiments described are not to be regarded'as'delimiting the scope of the inventionbut as illustrative only. For instance the Word picture is used to designate either an actual picture of a'suitable nature or a reproduction or plurality of reproductions thereof as described in the foregoing' speeilication andalso includes written or printed messages. The scope of the invention is clearly defined by the appended claims.

We claim- Y 1. In an apparatus for transmitting a representation vsuch as a picture or the like, a support for said representation of electrically conductive material, reader means adapted to travel over the surface of said representation, means adapted to move said representation and reader means respectively to each other, a source of yelectric current connected to saidsupport and to saidreader means, automatic recording mechanism comprisin a plurality of marking means adapted to orm an intermediate record which is not a visual equivalent of said representation, the number of said marking means brought into operation at each marking movement flowing from said source as determined by the association of the support for the representation and the reader means.

2, In an apparatus for' transmittin a representation such as a icture or the llke, as claimed in claim 1, eedin ing to move the material on which the intermediate record is formed past the plurality of marking means, said feeding means acting to advance the tape in an intermittent manner.

3. An apparatus for transmitting a reprea support adapted to holda representation,

reader means, automatic record forming mechanism associated with the said reader means, and means to produce relative-movement between the said support and the said reader means, in which the said record forming mechanism comprises perforating mechanism which includes a number of separately operable punches adapted to perforate a record tape, the association of said reader means with each of a plurality of small areas of the representation to be transmitted being adapted to cause the selection of the punches which are to operate upon said tape, and means for intermittently moving said tape past said punches.-

4. In an apparatus for transmittin representation such as a picture or the like, a support adapted to carry the said repre'- sentation, rea er means associated with the said support Aand adapted to be associated with the picture or the like carried on the said su port, and aiding in rendering the tone va ues of said picture, means adapted to produce a relative movement between the said support whereby the aid reader means are .caused to move over tiie consecutive small areas of a picture carried on the said support, auto matic perforating mechanism comprisingl a series of individually operable punc es being dependent upon the current means act-- and the said reader means sentation such as a picture or the like, having lll same longitudinally,

adapted to perforate a Vrecord tape, feeding means adapted 4to feed said tape with a continuous step by step movement past said punches and independent of the operation thereof and control means for said punches associated With the said reader. means and operable according to the tone -value of the lsmall area of saidpicture in association with the said reader means, the said control means bein'gfadapted to control the selection of the said punches which are operative on the successive Zones of the said tape.

5.. A device according to claim 3 comprising a support adapted to carry a plurality of representations of a picture or the like, each said representation corresponding to a predetermined depth `of tone of each said picture, and in a separate reader means associated WithV each representation.

6; An apparatus according to claim 3 comprising `a support adapted to carry aseries of representations of a picture or the like y formed on electric conductive material, each said representation corresponding to a predetermined depth of tone of said picture or the like, and separate reader means associated with 'each representation.

7. Apparatus for use in photo-telegraphyV comprising a half tone screen representation of electrically conductive material, the surface of Which is composed of conductive dots 0f sizes' varying with the depth of tone represented, a spindle around which said representation is mounted, means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously feeding reader means adjusted to contact with the tops of said raiser;V dots, perforator means comprising a number of punches connected with the segments of a commutator, av commutator brush connected to said reader means and serving to complete an electrical circuit during the passage of the reader across a dot and thus to causel f the opleration of said punches, the number broug t into operation depending upon the Vsize of said dot.

8. Apparatus for use in photo-telegraphy l comprising a half tone representation the surface of which is composed .of raised dots, reader means ada ted to contact with the tops of saidraise idots, means for causing said means to travel over the surface of said representation, perforator means comprising a number of punches, and a strip of material moved relatively to said perforator means,

' said reader means operating according to the tone value of successive small areas of the representation to select a larger or smaller number of punches to operate upon said strip. 9. Apparatus for use in photo-telegraphy comprising a spindle adapted to be rotated and simultaneously fed longitudinally, a representation to be transmitted mounted upon said spindle, said` representation bem formed on electrically conductive materi Vjusted position, perforator means arranged to be operated according to the electric current passed by said reader means and representation, a tape adapted for use in standard machines intermittently fed past said perforating machines at a rate bearing a-predetel-mined ratio to the speed of revolution of said shaft, and means controlled by said punched tape for producing a visual reproduction of the representation transmitted.

10. Apparatus for use in photo-tclegraphy comprising a spindle adapted to be rotated an-d simultaneously fed longitudinally, a plu-l rality of representations to be transmitted mounted `upon said spindle, said yrepresentations being formed on electrically conductive material, reader means bearing upon the surface of said representations and mounted in blocks fitting freely in a bearing member serving to accurately retain the reader members in adjusted position, perfoiator means arrange-d to be operated according to the electriceurrent passed by said reader means and representation, a tape adapted for use in standard machines fed past said perforating machines at a ratebearing a pre-determined ratio to the speed of revolution of said shaft, and means controlled by said punched tape for producing a visual reproduction of the representation transmitted.

11. A method of reproducing a representation lsuch as a picture or the like, which consists in forming a non-pictorial intermediate record of said representation by 4marking said record With a series of markings adapted to modify light falling upon said record varying according to the tone values of small areas thereof, and then varying the intensity of light acting upon a light sensitivesurface according to said markings so that said light prduces upon said light-sensitive surface substantial duplicates o f said original small areas. y

12. In the art of transmitting a representation suchas a picture or the like, those steps which consist in forming an. intermediate non-pictorial record of the tone values of small areas of successive 'narrow zones of the picture the said record comprising equally spaced markings arranged in series and adapted to modify light falling upon said record,4 each said series corresponding to one of said narrow zones, the markings in alternate series beingmorenumerous than the .values of corresponding small areas of said picture.

14. A non-'pictorial record of a representation such as a picture or the like, as claimed in claim 13 in which said perforated tape is of the form used in the automatic control of standard machines.

15. A non-pictorial composite record of av plurality of separate representations of a ic ture, each said representation correspon 'ng vto a given range of tone of sa'd picture, said record comprising a plurality of ldiscontinuous series of markings arranged in groups, each said series corresponding to one of said representations and the -tone value corresponding thereto, each said group corresponding to the composite tone value of said -representations at corresponding small areas thereof, so that the presence or absence of any said tone value at any said area is indicated by thepresence or absence of the marking in the corresponding series in the said coi-responding group of markings. Y

16. A method of automatically forming a non-pictorial representation which is not -the visual equivalent of the original of a halftone picture or the like, which consists in' forming upon a strip of material a series of non-pictorlal and sharply defined markings comprisingu a lurality of successive elements, the @sai successive small zones of the said, half-tone picture or the like, the area of each of said elements corresponding to the tone values of the respective small areas of the said picture,

' the areas comprised by the saidY successive elements having dii'erent'electrical conductive properties than the portions of the strip intermediate the said elements.

17. A method according to claim 1.6 in which the said marking elements. comprise sharply defined perforations.V

18. A non-pictorial record which is not the visual equivalent of the original of a halftone picturevor the like, comprising astrip having a series of non-pictorial and sharply defi-ned' markings thereon, the said series comprising a succession ofl elements each of which correspon-ds tol a small zone of the sai-d picture or the like, the area of each said clement corresponding to thetone value of the said zone, the areas occupied by the said velements having different electrical conductive properties. than-the portions of the said strip intermediate the said elements.

. l 19. A non-pictorial representation of a picture comprising a tape having a plurality of zones arranged longitudinally of the tape, each zone corresponding to at lea-st one of a vmultiplicity of elemental areas of the picture represented, the zones having cnt out toneA areas, the size of the total cut out tone area in any zone being a function of the tone value of an elemental picture area represented by that zone.

elements corresponding tov 20. A non-pictorial representation of a pico which corresponds to at vleast one ofa mul` tiplicity of elemental areas of the picture represented, the zones being perforated in accordance with the tone values of the elemental picture areas represented, the perforations of some zones representing full tones and the p ture having tone gradations, comprising a I tape having a plurality of picture zones, each i cordance with the tone values of the elemental l picture areas represented, the perforations of some zones representing full tones and the perforations of other zones representing partial tones in accordance with the distribution of tones in the picture represented.

22. A non-pictorial representation of a picture comprising a tape having a plurality of zones arranged longitudinally of the tape, .each zone corresponding to at least one of a multiplicity of elemental areas of the picture represented, said zones having rows of tone perforations extending generally transverselly of the tape, the tone perforations in any zone denoting the tone value of an elemental picture area represented by that zone.

23. Anon-pictorial representation of a picture comprising a tape having a plurality of zones of equal size arranged longitudinally of the tape, eachzone corresponding to at least one of a multiplicity of equalfsize elemental areas of the picture represented, said zones having rows of tone perforations eX- tending generally transversely of the tape, the tone perforations in any zone denoting the tone value of an elemental picture area represented by that zone. j

24. A non-pictorial representation of a picture comprising a tape having a plurality of zones of equal size arranged longitudinally of the tape, each zone corresponding to one only of a multiplicity of equal size elemental areas of the picture represented, said zones having rows of tone perforations extending generally transversely of the tape, the tone perforations in any zone denoting the tone value of the particular elemental picture `area represented by that zone. l

25|. A non-pictorial representation of a picture comprising a tape having a plurality of zones of equal size arranged longitudinally of the tape, each zone corresponding to atleast one of a multiplicity of equal size elemental areas of the picture represented, said zones having rows of tone perforations extending generally transversely of the tape, thc tono perforations in any zone denoting the tone number of an elemental picture area represented by that zone with the tones being numbered from tone number one to tone number five, inclusive.

26. A non-pictorial representation of a pic'- ture comprising a tape having a plurality of zones of equal size arranged longitudinally of `the tape, each zone'correspondingto at least one of a multiplicity of equal size elemental areas of the picture represented, said zones having rows of tone perforations extending generally transversely of the tape, the tone perforations in any zone denoting the tone number of an elemental picture area represented by that zone with the tones being numbered from tone number one to tone number ive, inclusive, and the tone number being given bythe numberk of tone perforations in the row.

27. A nonpictorial representation of a picture comprising a tape having a plurality of zones of equal size extending longitudinally of the tape, each zone corresponding to one of a multiplicity of equal size elemental areas of the pictureV represented,said zoneshaving rows of tone perforations extending generally transversely' of the tape, the tone perfo- `rations in any zone denoting the tone number of the elemental 'picture area represented by that Azone with the tones being numbered from tone number 'one to tone number five, inelusive, and the tone numbers being given by the number of tone erforations in the row.

28. A non-pictoriaFrepresentation of a picture having actual tone gradations comprising a tape having a plurality of zones arranged longitudinally of the tape, each zone Vcorres ending to one of a multiplicity of elementa areas of the picture represented, each zone havin a cut out tone area the size of which is a unction of the tone value of the elemental area ofthe picture corresponding to that zone.

29. A non-pictorial representation of a picture comprising a standard -telegraphic tape adapted to operate standard te egraphic sendingmachines, the tape having a plurality of zones arranged longitudinally of the tape, each zone corresponding to atleast one of a multiplicity of equal size elemental areas of the picture represented and the zones having depicted thereon the tone values of the elej mental picture areas by perforation which are characteristic of the tone values depicted.

30. A non-pictorial representation of a picture having tone gradations, 'comprising a tape having tone perforation's denoting the' tone valuesof elemental areas ofthe picture..V

31. A non-pictorial representation of a picture having tone gradations, com risingV a tape havin sets code tone per orations, each set e tone perforationsdenotin the tone value of at least one of the multip icity of equal size elemental areas of the picture.

. 32. A non-pictorial representation of a picture having tone gradations, comprising a tape `having sets o code tone perforations,

each set of tone perforationsdenoting the tone value of at least one of a multiplicity of elemental areas of the p'icture and the diiferent perforations of a set being located at .diierent distances from one of the edges of the tape. v

33. A non-pictorial representation of a picture comprising a tape having sets of code tone perforations, each set of tone perforations denoting the tone value of one of a multiplicityof equal size elemental areas 'of the picture. j

34. The method of analyzin' a picture having actual tone gradations w ich comprises selecting elemental areas located in a `first line of scanning, individually determining the tone values of said selected areas, select ing elemental areas located in an adjacent line of'scannin and between the selected elei mental areas o the first line of scanning, individually determining the tone values of the lselected areas in said adjacent'` line of scanl adjacent line of scanning; recording the latter determinations; and continuing the scanning, tone determinations, and recording in v Ylike manner untilthe entire picture has been recorded.

36. The method of analyzing a picture which comprises positivel establishin reading points at intervals alyong a first line of scanning, the seiection of points being independent. of the character of the picture be ing scanned; making tone determinations at the established points; positively establishing reading (points, in an adjacent line of scanning an between the `oints established in said first line, the selection of such points be# ing also independent of the character of the picture being scanned; making tone determinations at the established points in said adjacent line of scannin and continuing the establishment of reading points and the making of tone determinations in like manner until the entire picture has been analyzed.

37. The method of making a non-pictorial representation of a picture which comprises positivel establishing reading points at in-V tervals a ong a first line of scanning, the selectienV of points being Independent of the character of the picture being scanned; inaki scanned; making tone determinations at thev established points in said adjacent line of scanning; recording the last mentioned determinations; and continuing the'establishment of reading points, tone determinations, and recording in like manner until the en tire picture has been analyzed.

38. The method of re reducing a picture j having actual tone gra ations which comscannin areas o the lirst line of scanning, individu- A grises selecting elemental areas located in a st'line of scanning, individually determin in the tone values of said 'selected areas, se ecting elemental areas located in an adjacent line of scanning and between the selected elemental areas in the irst line of scanning, individually determining the tone values of the selected areas in said adjacent line o'f scanning, continuing the scannin and tone determinations in like manner unti the entire picture has been analyzed, and s thesizing a replica of the original picture bly3L forming elemental areas arranged in the sain'e geometrical configuration as the elemental areas selected in said scanning and giving each elemental area of the replica the tone value determined for that elemental area.

39. The method of reproducing a icture having actual tone gra ations whic coinprises selecting elemental areas located in a first line of scanning, individually determining the tone values of said selected areas, recording said determinations, selecting elemental areas located in an adjacent line of and between the selected elemental ally determining lthe tone values of the selected areas in such adjacent line of scan` ning, recording the latter determinations,

A:sis

continuing the scanning tone determinations and recording in like manner until the entire picture has been recorded, and synthesizing a replica of the original by forming elemental areas arranged in the same geo metrical configuration as the elemental areas selected in sai'dfscanning and giving each elemental areal ofthe replica a tone value equal to the tone value recorded from the corresponding elemental area during the scanning.

40. T he method of reproducing a picture whichcomprises positivel establishing reading points at intervals a ong a rst line of scanning, the selection of points being independent of the character of picture being scanned; making tone determinations at the established points; positively establishing reading points in an adjacent line of scannin and between' the points established in' sai lirst line, the selection of such points being also independent of the character of the picture being scanned making minationsat the established points in said adjacent lineof scanning; continuing the establishment of reading points and the making-of tone determinations in like manner until the entire picture has been analyzed; and synthesizing a replica of the original picture -by forming elemental areasv in the same geotone determetrical configuration as the reading oints established during the scanning, eac 'elemental area in the replica corresponding to an individual reading point, and giving each elemental'of the replica the tone value de- .termined for the corresponding reading point.

41. The method of making a representation of a picture which comprises positively establishing reading points at intervals along a first line of scanning, the selection of points mental area at least an apparent tone value equal to the tone value of the corresponding reading point. l

42. An apparatus for making a representation of a picture comprising means to scan the picture, means to make tone determinations-at successive points along a series of lines of scanning with the points of one line positioned between the points of an adjacent line, and means to record each tone determination.

43. An apparatus for making a representation of a picture comprising means toscan the picture along a series of lines of scanning and make tone readings as the picture is scanned, means independent of the picture to locate the reading points of one line of scanning between the reading points of adjacent lines ofy scanning and to record the tone value read at each reading point.

44. An apparatus for making a representation of a picture comprisin means to scan the picture along a series o lines of scanning, means operatively 'associated With the' scanning means to record t-he tone value at any point selected along the lines of scanning, and means independent of the picture to select a series of points and thereby cause the recording of the tone values of such points. 

